Cognitive Function of Children with High Risk of ADHD and The Benefit of Physical Exercise for Cognitive Function of Children with a High Risk of ADHD

Yunias Setiawati^1,2*, Royke Tony Kalalo^1,2, Melati Wahyurini^1,2, Dianasari^1,2, I Made Wedastra^1,2,3, Dhenni Hartopo^1,2, Vanessa Budiawan Soetioso^1,2,4

Abstract

Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, affecting around 5% globally, with symptoms often persisting into adulthood. It significantly impairs cognitive functions like attention and executive functions. This study investigates the impact of physical exercise on cognitive functions in children at high risk of ADHD. Method: The study was conducted at SDN Simokerto VI, Surabaya. Participants were students in grades 4 and 5 with an Indonesian ADHD Rating Scale (IARS) score > 30. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Trail Making Test (TMT), which evaluates processing speed, attention, and cognitive flexibility. Physical exercise was administered as part of the community service activity. Results: A total of 26 students participated, with 12 males (46%) and 14 females (54%). The grade distribution was 9 students in grade 4 (35%) and 17 in grade 5 (65%). In the TMT-A, 23 students (88%) demonstrated average processing speed and attention, while 3 students (12%) showed deficits. In the TMT-B, 25 students (96%) exhibited average cognitive flexibility, with 1 student (4%) showing a deficit. The results indicate that most students performed within the average range for both tests, with a small number showing deficits in specific areas. Conclusion: Physical exercise appears to be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for improving cognitive functions in children with ADHD. The study’s findings support the incorporation of regular physical activity into the daily routine of children at high risk of ADHD to enhance cognitive performance, reduce behavioral problems, and promote academic success.

Keywords

ADHD; cognitive function; physical exercise

Cite This Article

Setiawati, Y., Kalalo, R. T., Wahyurini, M., Dianasari,. Wedastra, I. M., Hartopo, D., Soetioso, V. B. (2024). Cognitive Function of Children with High Risk of ADHD and The Benefit of Physical Exercise for Cognitive Function of Children with a High Risk of ADHD. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 5| Issue 4: Jul-Aug 2024, Pages 828-831, URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Volume5-Issue4-Jul-Aug-No.654-828-831.pdf

Volume 5 | Issue 4: Jul-Aug 2024