The Relationship Between Recognition of Signs and Symptoms of NSTE-ACS and the Success of Initial Management in Indonesia: A Literature Review
Rifky Alif Novianto*, Rasagama Putra Soesanta
Abstract
Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a global health concern, with cardiovascular diseases being a leading cause of mortality, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 40 million people worldwide suffer from NCDs, and cardiovascular diseases accounted for 21.1% of global deaths in 2017. In Indonesia, 1.5% of the population across all age groups suffers from cardiovascular diseases (Riskesdas, 2018). Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), encompassing ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), and Unstable Angina Pectoris (UAP), is the primary contributor to cardiovascular mortality. Studies indicate that NSTEMI and UAP are more prevalent than STEMI, with smoking identified as a dominant risk factor. This underscores the need for targeted strategies in recognizing and managing ACS to improve patient outcomes. Given the significant variability in clinical presentations and the critical need for early intervention, this literature review aims to synthesize current evidence on the relationship between symptom recognition and the success of initial management. Understanding these dynamics is essential to improve diagnostic accuracy, enhance treatment strategies, and ultimately reduce the burden of NSTE-ACS on healthcare systems. Objective: To explore the relationship between the recognition of signs and symptoms of Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (NSTE-ACS) and the effectiveness of initial management strategies, as evidenced by existing literature. Result: This literature review highlights the importance of early recognition of symptoms and timely management in improving outcomes for patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Prompt diagnosis, particularly in identifying high-risk patients, allows for the effective use of invasive interventions such as coronary angiography and PCI. These strategies have been shown to reduce recurrent infarction, and rehospitalization, and improve overall clinical outcomes. The findings emphasize the need for enhanced diagnostic protocols and continued training for healthcare professionals to improve the management of NSTE-ACS, ultimately reducing morbidity and mortality associated with the condition.
Keywords
Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome; NSTE-ACS; symptom recognition; initial management; cardiovascular diseases; acute coronary syndrome.
Cite This Article
Novianto, R. A., Soesanta, R. P. (2024). The Relationship Between Recognition of Signs and Symptoms of NSTE-ACS and the Success of Initial Management in Indonesia: A Literature Review. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 5| Issue 6: Nov-Dec 2024, Pages 1347-1349, URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Volume5-Issue6-Nov-Dec-No.729-1347-1349.pdf
Volume 5 | Issue 6: Nov – Dec 2024
