Mortality Rate and Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Non-Nephritis Patients: A Literature Review
Sarah Aisya1, Awalia²*
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs and tissues throughout the body (Fava & Petri, 2019). The Lupus Foundation of America estimates approximately 1.5 million cases in the United States and at least 5 million worldwide, with 16,000 new cases diagnosed annually. About 50% of patients with SLE develop renal involvement (Indonesian Rheumatology Association, 2019). Among the various manifestations of SLE, renal complications, primarily lupus nephritis, are the most prevalent and severe. These complications significantly contribute to the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease (Ocampo-Piraquive et al., 2018). Therefore, researchers are interested in conducting research of other clinical manifestations and the mortality rate of SLE. This review is expected to be useful for enriching knowledge about the morbidity and mortality of SLE non-nephritis. However, further research is needed with more comprehensive variables to determine the risk factors for SLE, the relationship between comorbidities and mortality in SLE patients, and survival in SLE patients.
Keywords
clinical manifestations; SLE; non-nephritis; mortality.
Cite This Article
Aisya, S., Awalia., (2024). Mortality Rate and Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Non-Nephritis Patients: A Literature Review. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 5| Issue 6: Nov-Dec 2024, Pages 1812-1818, URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Volume5-Issue6-Nov-Dec-No.811-1812-1818.pdf
Volume 5 | Issue 6: Nov – Dec 2024
