Congenital Heart Disease as a Cause of Maternal Death: Literature Review 

Akhmad Adam Mahendra¹, Andrianto^2*, Muhammad Ardian Cahya³

Abstract

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a significant risk factor for maternal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. The physiological changes of pregnancy exacerbate underlying cardiac conditions, posing challenges for maternal and fetal health. Despite advances in medical care, maternal mortality due to CHD remains a critical concern, particularly in low-resource settings. Objective: This review aims to synthesize evidence on the impact of CHD on maternal mortality, emphasizing risk factors, clinical outcomes, management strategies, and research gaps. Method: A systematic review of 30 studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted. Studies published in the last two decades focusing on maternal outcomes associated with CHD were included. Data were categorized into prevalence, outcomes, management strategies, and research gaps. Results: CHD contributes significantly to maternal mortality, particularly in women with cyanotic defects, Eisenmenger syndrome, and Fontan circulation. Advanced care in high-resource settings has reduced mortality rates; however, disparities persist. Multidisciplinary management, pre-pregnancy counseling, and tailored interventions improve outcomes. Emerging approaches, such as telemedicine and improved training, show promise but require further validation. Conclusion: CHD is a major cause of maternal mortality, requiring comprehensive and multidisciplinary care. Addressing global disparities and developing standardized guidelines are crucial for improving outcomes. Further research is needed to address existing knowledge gaps and support evidence-based clinical practice.

Keywords

congenital heart disease; maternal mortality; pregnancy; multidisciplinary management; cardiovascular complications.

Cite This Article

Mahendra, A. A., Andrianto., Cahya, M. A. (2025). Congenital Heart Disease as a Cause of Maternal Death: Literature Review. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 6| Issue 1: Jan-Feb 2025, Pages 12-15, URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Volume6-Issue1-Jan-Feb-No.814-12-15.pdf

Volume 6 | Issue 1: Jan – Feb 2025