Cardiac Function in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Anthracycline Chemotherapy: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Monitoring, and Management Strategies
Raihan Nugroho Taruna1, Asdi Wihandono2*, Raden Muhammad Budiarto3
Abstract
Anthracycline-based chemotherapy remains a cornerstone in the treatment of breast cancer due to its proven efficacy in improving survival rates. However, its use is associated with significant cardiotoxic risks, including left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure, which compromise patient outcomes and quality of life. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the mechanisms underlying anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC), including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage. It also highlights key risk factors, such as patient-specific traits, treatment regimens, and tumor biology, that contribute to susceptibility. Advanced diagnostic tools, including echocardiography and emerging biomarkers, are emphasized for early detection and monitoring of cardiac dysfunction. Preventive strategies, such as the use of cardioprotective agents like dexrazoxane, liposomal formulations, and tailored treatment regimens, are discussed alongside non-pharmacologic interventions like lifestyle modifications. Management approaches for established AIC, including heart failure medications, cardiac rehabilitation, and long-term surveillance protocols, are reviewed. Furthermore, emerging trends in genetic profiling, artificial intelligence for risk stratification, and global health equity are explored. This comprehensive review underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary, personalized approach to mitigating cardiotoxicity while preserving the therapeutic benefits of anthracyclines. Future research directions focus on novel cardioprotective agents, predictive biomarkers, and addressing disparities in access to care.
Keywords
anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity; breast cancer; left ventricular dysfunction; cardioprotective agents; echocardiography; biomarkers; genetic profiling; cardiac rehabilitation; personalized medicine; cardio-oncology.
Cite This Article
Taruna, R. N., Wihandono, A., Budiarto, R. M. (2024). Cardiac Function in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Anthracycline Chemotherapy: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Monitoring, and Management Strategies. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 5| Issue 6: Nov-Dec 2024, Pages 1565-1572, URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Volume5-Issue6-Nov-Dec-No.770-1565-1572.pdf
Volume 5 | Issue 6: Nov – Dec 2024
