Comorbid Diseases, Decreased PaO2/FiO2 Ratio, Increased Ferritin, Decreased Liver and Kidney Function as Risk Factors for Mortality in COVID-19 Patients
Yorike Elizabeth Latuheru, Ida Bagus Ngurah Rai, I Gede Ketut Sajinadiyasa, Ni Wayan Candrawati, Ida Ayu Jasminarti Dwi Kusumawardani, Ni Luh Putu Eka Arisanti, and I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Artana
Abstract
Background: Comorbid disease, a ratio of partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) to a fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) (P/F ratio), ferritin serum, liver function, and kidney function correlate with mortality; hence, these factors are suggested as the prognostic markers in COVID -19. This study aims to analyze comorbid diseases, decreased PaO2/FiO2 ratio, increased ferritin, and decreased liver and kidney function as risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods: An analytic observational study with a match case-control design. Analysis was performed univariate, bivariate with the chi-squared test, and multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The subjects of the study were 220 people. The comorbid disease and the mortality of COVID-19 patients (p=0.038, OR=2.737, 95% CI 1.020 to 7.342), PaO2/FiO2 ratio to COVID-19 patient mortality (p=0.000, OR=43.1 95% CI 19.461 to 95.478), ferritin serum levels to COVID-19 patient mortality (p=0.000, OR=53.3, 95% CI 21.014 to 135.110), decreased liver function to COVID-19 patient mortality (p=0.000, OR=62.4 95% CI 25.323 to 153.567), decreased kidney function to COVID-19 patient mortality (p=0.000, OR=1389.7 95% CI 170.8 to 11307.2). The most dominant variable related to the death of COVID-19 patients is the decreased kidney function with an OR value of 722.447 (95% CI 33.356 to 15647.243). Conclusion: Risk factors of mortality of COVID-19 patients are comorbid disease, decrease in PaO2/FiO2 ratio, increase in ferritin, decrease in liver function, and decrease in kidney function. Of all these, the most dominant risk factor related to the highest mortality rate among COVID-19 patients is the decrease in kidney function.
Keywords
COVID-19; mortality; risk factors; comorbid disease; PaO2/FiO2 ratio; ferritin; liver function; renal function.
Cite This Article
Latuheru, Y. E., Rai, I. B. N., Sajinadiyasa, I. G. K., Candrawati, N. W., Kusumawardani, I. A. J. D., Arisanti, N. L. P. E., Artana, I. G. N. B. (2023). Comorbid Diseases, Decreased PaO2/FiO2 Ratio, Increased Ferritin, Decreased Liver and Kidney Function as Risk Factors for Mortality in COVID-19 Patients. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 4| Issue 2: Mar-Apr 2023, Pages 239-247, URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Volume4-Issue2-Mar-Apr-No.423-239-247.pdf
Volume 4 | Issue 2: Mar-Apr 2023
