Comprehensive Review on Etiologic, Diagnosis, and Therapy of Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Nadhifa Ainur Rohmah¹, Andrianto²*, Sundari Indah Wiyasihati³

Abstract

Acute heart failure (AHF) represents a critical and complex challenge in cardiology, characterized by its sudden onset and severe impact on patient morbidity and mortality. This condition emerges as a culmination of diverse aetiologies and pathophysiological mechanisms, profoundly disrupting cardiac function and systemic hemodynamics. AHF is frequently associated with dire outcomes, as evidenced by a high in-hospital mortality rate and significant rehospitalization risks within 30 days of discharge. Despite advances in medical and device-based therapies, the prognosis for AHF remains guarded, with 1-year survival rates hovering around 50% in severe cases. Management of AHF is further complicated by the heterogeneity of its clinical presentations, ranging from pulmonary congestion to cardiogenic shock, necessitating rapid and precise therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the persistent challenges in AHF management, including the limitations of current treatment modalities in substantially altering long-term outcomes. Moreover, the global burden of AHF continues to rise, fueled by an aging population and the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities. Considering these challenges, there is an urgent need for innovative strategies and a deeper understanding of the disease’s pathophysiology to improve survival rates and enhance the quality of life for patients facing this acute cardiac crisis.

Keywords

acute heart failure; pharmacological therapy; heart failure.

Cite This Article

Rohmah, N. A., Andrianto., Wiyasihati, S. I. (2024). Comprehensive Review on Etiologic, Diagnosis, and Therapy of Patients with Acute Heart Failure. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 5| Issue 6: Nov-Dec 2024, Pages 1252-1257, URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Volume5-Issue6-Nov-Dec-No.714-1252-1257.pdf

Volume 5 | Issue 6: Nov – Dec 2024