Vascular Endothelial Damage: The Role of Syndecan-1 and Hyaluronan as Severity Indicators in COVID-19

Azwar Anas, Arie Utariani, and Bambang Pujo Semedi^*

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 was firstly found in bronchoalveloar lavage (BAL) of three suspected COVID-19 patients at Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The cases are still raisingwith2,12% global mortality rate. Hypoxic respiratory failure due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the main cause of COVID-19 death. Endothelial cell damage has an important role in the pathogenesis of ARDS and multi-organ dysfuntion of COVID-19 patients. The endothelium is protected by mural cells, which keep vascular integrity. Inflammation is prevented by these cells by inhibiting the interaction of immune cells and platelets with endothelial cells. These cells also prevent coagulation by producing glycocalyx, coagulation inhibitors, and blood-clotting enzyme. Vascular glycocalyx has an important role to maintain endothelial function and is disrupted systemically in elderly and patients with various comorbidities, which can be a probable mechanism for the serious complications of COVID-19. Glycocalyx disruption in severe and critical COVID-19 patients causes increased levels of its components such assyndecan-1 and hyaluronan in the serum. Previous studies showed the significant increase ofsyndecan-1 and hyaluronan levels in septic, and severe Kawasaki and dengue patients. These biomarkers are also markers of organ damage. Therefore, hyaluronan and syndecan-1can be significant prognostic factors for morbidity and survival in patients with COVID-19.

Keywords

glycocalyx; Covid-19; hyaluronan; syndecan-1

Cite This Article

Anas, A., Utariani, A., Semedi, B. P. (2021). Vascular Endothelial Damage: The Role of Syndecan-1 and Hyaluronan as Severity Indicators in COVID-19. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 2| Issue 5: Sep-Oct 2021, Pages 853-857 , URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Volume2-Issue5-Sep-Oct-No.180-853-857.pdf

Volume 2 | Issue 5: Sep-Oct 2021