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Detailed Study of Stellar Evolution and Stellar Gravitational Collapse Leading to The Formation of Black Holes

Abhinaya Sree Ravindran1, Saakshi Padamwar2, Shivika Lamba3*, Shweatha J.4, Sugath K. S.5

Abstract

In this paper we talk about the formation mechanism of the stellar gravitational singularities. To begin with we talk about the formation and evolution of stars and understand the Hertzsprung Russell diagram that teaches us how to classify stars. With the help of the diagram, we categorize the stars based of their physical parameters such as color, temperature, and mass. We then talk about the death cycle of different mass stars and what comes after when their fuels have been exhausted. Stars below the Chandrashekhar limit form a white dwarf at the end of their lives, while stars above the limit form a neutron star of a singularity. Further to find which of the heavy mass stars forms a singularity we look at the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit that states stars with mass above the limit will form singularities. The types of singularities formed depend on the solution of the general theory of relativity given by Schwarzschild, Kerr, Kerr-Newman, and Reissner-Nordström. Each of the theory aspect of the four solutions has been described to give a better understanding of the structure of the singularity formed. The paper also explains theories such as Wormholes and time travel in brief to try and explain what can replace the singularity.

Keywords

Hertzsprung Russell; Chandrashekhar Limit; White Dwarf; Neutron Star; Singularity; Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff Limit; Schwarzschild; Kerr; Kerr-Newman; Reissner-Norström; Wormhole; Time travel

Cite This Article

Ravindran, A. S., Padamwar, S., Lamba, S., Shweatha, J., Sugath, K. S. (2022). Detailed Study of Stellar Evolution and Stellar Gravitational Collapse Leading to The Formation of Black Hole. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 3| Issue 2: Mar-Apr 2022, Pages 152-160, URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Volume3-Issue2-Mar-Apr-No.232-152-160.pdf

Volume 3 | Issue 2: Mar-Apr 2022 

 

Figure_1
FIGURE 1_Hr Diagram Showing Evolutionary Paths of Different Mass Stars.
Figure_2(A),(B)
FIGURE 2_The Structure of a Star (A) In Main Sequence Phase, (B) As It Begins to Leave the Main Sequence Because Of Core Hydrogen Exhaustion
Figure_2(c)
FIGURW 2_(C) Ascent of A Low Mass Star to Red-Giant Branch.
Figure_3
FIGURE 3_Dynamical Evolution of a Homogeneous Spherical Dust Cloud Collapse, As Described by The Oppenheimer-Snyder-Datt Solution.
Figure_4
FIGURE 4_A Spacetime Singularity of Gravitational Collapse Which Is Visible to External Observers in The Universe, In Violation to The Cosmic Censorship Conjecture.
Figure_5
FIGURE 5_Formation of Schwarzschild Black Hole [20]
Figure_6
FIGURE 6_Spacetime Structure of a Kerr Hole [20]

ISSN: 2708-7972

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (International) Licence.(CC BY-NC 4.0).

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