Relationship of Transforming Growth Factor-Βeta, C-Reactive Protein, and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Bronchial Washing with the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Carcinoma Lung Cancer
Putu Kessi Vikaneswari, Ni Wayan Candrawati*, Ida Ayu Jasminarti Dwi Kusumawardani, Ni Luh Putu Eka Arisanti, I Desak Putu Agung Krisdanti, Gede Oky Aryanthana, Pande Budi Wadanta, Ida Bagus Ngurah Rai
Abstract
Background: Most lung cancer cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Bronchial washing fluid contains many inflammatory cytokines that play a role in the malignant process. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between TGF-β, CRP and LDH in bronchial washing fluid with diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Method: This research is an observational analytical study with a cross sectional design at Prof. Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar (May 2023-August 2023). Descriptive analysis describes subject characteristics and research variables. Normality test with Shapiro Wilk. Bivariate analysis uses the unpaired T test with a normal distribution and the Mann-Whitney test with a non-normal distribution, data in the form of mean and standard deviation. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Results: The total research samples were 37 samples. 23 samples were detected as non-small cell lung carcinoma; 14 samples as non-NSCLC. The research results showed a significant relationship between TGF-β levels and diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma (346.11 ± 40.21 pg/mL) vs (290.01 ± 66.22) (p < 0.05) and a significant relationship between LDH levels and diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma (140.38 ± 98.11 U/L) vs (56.62 ± 22.68) (p < 0.05). There was no significant relationship between TGF-β, LDH, CRP and histopathology, bronchoscopy lesions and cancer stage of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between TGF-β and LDH levels and diagnosis of non-small cell lung carcinoma. TGF-β and LDH levels are increased in non-small cell lung carcinoma.
Keywords
non-small cell lung carcinoma; bronchial washing; TGF-β; CRP; LDH
Cite This Article
Vikaneswari, P. K., Candrawati, N. W., Kusumawardani, I. A. J., Arisanti, N. L. P. E., Krisdanti, I. D. P. A. K., Aryanthana, G. O., Wadanta, P. B., Rai, I. B. N. (2023). Relationship of Transforming Growth Factor-Βeta, C-Reactive Protein, and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Bronchial Washing with the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Carcinoma Lung Cancer. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 4| Issue 6: Nov-Dec 2023, Pages 864-874, URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Volume4-Issue6-Nov-Dec-No.519-864-874.pdf
Volume 4 | Issue 6: Nov-Dec 2023
