Risk Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Gallstones at Prof. Dr. IGNG Visits General Hospital Denpasar Bali

Chriscahya Wibisana Candra^1*, I Ketut Sudartana², I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra³, Ketut Putu Yasa⁴, I Made Mahayasa⁵, and Kadek Deddy Ariyanta⁶

Abstract

Backgrounds: Gallstone disease is a common medical condition closely associated with risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, smoking habits, hypercholesterolemia, and genetic or racial characteristics. Objective: This study aims to identify the relationship between these risk factors and the occurrence of gallstones. Methods: This observational analytical study with a case-control design involved 120 patients at Prof. Dr. IGNG Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, divided into a case group with a diagnosis of gallstones (n=56) and a control group without a diagnosis of gallstones (n=64). Data were collected through medical records and analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression. Results: No significant relationship was found between diabetes mellitus (p=0.274) and smoking habits (p=0.980) with the occurrence of gallstones. However, female gender (OR=3.519; p=0.001), hypercholesterolemia (OR=3.554; p=0.008), and Balinese race (OR=0.257; p=0.004) were significantly associated with an increased risk of gallstones. Multivariate analysis showed that hypercholesterolemia was the most significant risk factor affecting the occurrence of gallstones. Conclusion: Female gender and hypercholesterolemia are significant risk factors for the occurrence of gallstones, while the Balinese race appears to be a protective factor. There is no significant relationship between diabetes mellitus and smoking habits with the occurrence of gallstones. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind these relationships and the impact of lifestyle and dietary factors.

Keywords

gallstones; hypercholesterolemia; diabetes mellitus; smoking; race; gender

Cite This Article

Candra, C. W., Sudartana, I. K., Putra, I. W. G. A. E., Yasa, K. P., Mahayasa, I. M., Ariyanta, K. D. (2024). Risk Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Gallstones at Prof. Dr. IGNG Visits General Hospital Denpasar Bali. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 5| Issue 3: May-Jun 2024, Pages 486-493, URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Volume5-Issue3-May-Jun-No.609-486-493.pdf

Volume 5 | Issue 3: May-Jun 2024