Smoking as A Risk Factor of Low Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Levels and Early Aging in Women Aged 20 to 35 Years
Made Hermina Laksmi, Ketut Kwartantaya Winaya*, I Gusti Nyoman Darmaputra, Luh Made Mas Rusyati, I Gusti Ayu Agung Elis Indira, and I Gusti Ayu Agung Dwi Karmila
Abstract
Background: Heavy smokers have four times more facial wrinkles than non-smokers. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels are an indicator of premature aging in blood and tissues. The premature aging process can take place more quickly at a relatively younger age. The purpose of this study was to determine smoking and low levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as risk factors for premature aging in women aged 20-35 years. Method: Using a case-control study, this study determined smoking and low levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as risk factors for premature aging in women aged 20-35. Subjective clinical observation of wrinkles with the smoker’s face criteria (Daniel 1971) and objective use A-One-Facial Analyzer tool. Analyze using SPSS 26. Result: The smoking increased the risk of premature aging by 16 times (OR 16; 95% CI= 4,2-60,7); p<0,001) and passive smoker 36 times (OR 36; IK95% 7,6-168,9; p<0,001). Low SOD levels (<2.93 U/ml) increased the risk of premature aging by 9.7 times (OR 9.7;95%CI =3.2-29.1); p <0.001) and levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of smokers were lower than non-smokers with a median (IQR) [min-max] of smokers 1,5 (1,6) [0,4-9,7]U/ml while non-smokers were 7,5 (6,3) [0,1-14,2]U/ml and p<0.001. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that smoking and low SOD as risk factors for premature aging in women aged 20-35 years with smoking (AOR 18; 95%CI=5,5-66,8; p<0,001) and low SOD (AOR 10,2; 95%CI=1,5-67,1; p<0,001). Conclusion: That smoking and low levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as risk factors for premature aging in women aged 20-35 years.
Keywords
premature aging; smoker’s face; smoking; superoxide dismutase
Cite This Article
Laksmi, M. H., Winaya, K. K., Darmaputra, I. G. N., Rusyati, L. M., Indira, I. G. A. A. E., Karmila, I. G. A. A. D. (2023). Smoking as A Risk Factor of Low Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Levels and Early Aging in Women Aged 20 to 35 Years. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 4| Issue 1: Jan-Feb 2023, Pages 122-129, URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Volume4-Issue1-Jan-Feb-No.403-130-135.pdf
Volume 4 | Issue 1: Jan-Feb 2023
