Unraveling the Complexity of Asthma: A Literature Review on Detection Approaches, Prevalence and Risk Factors Muhammad Natsirian Anton Wibisono1, Retno Asih Setyoningrum2*, and Pudji Lestari3 Abstract Asthma is a heterogeneous chronic respiratory condition characterized by acute and chronic symptoms, including coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and recurrent episodes