In Vitro Antibacterial Activity Test of Black Pepper (Piper nigri fruktus) Extract Against Escherichia coli Using the Diffusion Method Dimas Aryq Ijlal Wafi1, Marijam Purwanta2*, Sri Purwaningsih1 Abstract The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains necessitates exploring alternative antibacterial agents. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a widely available spice