The Factors Predicting the Incidence of Regional Lymph Node Metastases in Patients with Penile Cancer Patients at Prof Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar

I Made Purnawan^1*, Gede Wirya Kusuma Duarsa², ⁠I Wayan Niryana³

Abstract

Background: Penile cancer is a rare but potentially fatal malignancy, the cause of which is not fully understood. The incidence in Bali shows that from April 1993 to May 2005, there were 72 cases of penile cancer. Penile cancer lymph node metastasis influences the choice of surgical therapy and is also a strong predictor of prognosis. Proper diagnosis and treatment, especially regarding inguinal lymph node metastasis, will affect the prognosis in penile cancer patients. Objective: This study aims to prove the existing factors are predictors of the incidence of regional lymph node metastases in penile cancer patients. Methods: This study used a retrospective analysis design, with a cohort design to prove the location of the primary tumor, primary tumor size, clinical lymph node palpation, preoperative lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR), and tumor histopathological subtype as predictor factors of regional LNM in penile cancer patients. A total of 98 patients and predictor factors were analyzed based on OR and RR values from bivariate and multivariate tests. Results: Primary tumor location on the gland and prepuce, positive inguinal lymph node clinical palpation are predictors of LNM incidence in penile cancer patients. While primary tumor size, preoperative LMR value, and histopathological subtype were not associated. Conclusion: Many factors are associated with regional LNM in penile cancer which is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The most influential factors are the location of the primary tumor and clinical palpation of inguinal lymph nodes which can be considered as a nomogram to risk stratify patients and determine eligibility for inguinal lymphadenectomy.

Keywords

predictor factors; regional lymph node metastasis; LMR (Lymphocyte monocyte ratio); penile cancer.

Cite This Article

Purnawan, I. M., Duarsa, G. W. K., Niryana, I. W. (2025). The Factors Predicting the Incidence of Regional Lymph Node Metastases in Patients with Penile Cancer Patients at Prof Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar. International Journal of Scientific Advances (IJSCIA), Volume 6| Issue 1: Jan-Feb 2025, Pages 60-70, URL: https://www.ijscia.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Volume6-Issue1-Jan-Feb-No.823-60-70.pdf

Volume 6 | Issue 1: Jan – Feb 2025